Coral reefs are among the oldest ecosystems on Earth.

Coral reefs support a phenomenal diversity of species and provide irreplaceable sources of food and shelter. Tropical rainforests play a similar role on the land.

Coral reef ecosystems support a variety of human needs. They are important for subsistence, fisheries, tourism, shoreline protection, and yield compounds that are important in the development of new medicines.

Corals are an integral part of the reef and are especially vulnerable to human activities and to climate-related threats, such as mass bleaching and disease.

Human activities such as trampling, destructive fishing techniques (e.g., poison, dynamite), and anchoring can physically destroy or kill the coral, resulting in reef death.

Upland activities such as deforestation and fertilizer use can smother and kill downstream corals.

Corals have shown remarkable resilience through major climate events and sea level changes, giving hope for their continued survival.

Coral reefs form natural barriers that protect nearby shorelines from the eroding forces of the sea, thereby protecting coastal dwellings, agricultural land and beaches.

Coral reefs have been used in the treatment of cancer, HIV, cardiovascular diseases, ulcers, and other ailments.